F4

Forkhead Box O4 (FOXO4)
Cell Cycle Regulation: FOXO4 is involved in the negative regulation of the cell cycle by modulating the expression of cell cycle-related genes. It can induce cell cycle arrest, particularly in the G1 phase, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation.
Oxidative Stress Regulation: FOXO4 plays a significant role in the oxidative stress response. It can activate the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage.
Apoptosis: FOXO4 can promote apoptosis by upregulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes, such as Bim and FasL, thereby inducing cell death under cellular stress conditions.
Autophagy Regulation: FOXO4 also participates in the regulation of autophagy. By activating the expression of autophagy-related genes, it promotes autophagy, which helps cells clear damaged organelles and proteins.
Signaling Pathway Interactions: FOXO4 interacts with multiple signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, JNK, p38, and AMPK. These signaling pathways regulate the activity and cellular localization of FOXO4 through post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination.
Physiological and Pharmacological Effects
Anti-aging: By maintaining cellular redox balance and promoting autophagy, FOXO4 helps to delay the cellular aging process.
Immune System Regulation: FOXO4 plays a role in immune cells, modulating immune responses and enhancing the body’s immune defense capabilities.
Disease Prevention: FOXO4 plays an important role in the development and progression of various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Modulating the activity of FOXO4 can provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.